Flat Feet

Overview
Flat feet (pes planus) is a condition where the arches of the feet collapse, causing the entire sole to come into near-complete contact with the ground.
This may be congenital or develop over time due to age, injury, or lifestyle factors.

Causes

• Congenital low arches

• Prolonged use of flat shoes without support

• Obesity increasing foot pressure

• Ligament weakening with age

Risk Factors

• Family history

• Obesity

• Prolonged standing

• Sports overuse

Symptoms
Mild cases cause fatigue or pain after long walking.
Moderate cases include knee, hip or back pain.
Severe cases affect walking patterns and balance.

Complications

• Plantar fasciitis

• Bunions

• Knee osteoarthritis

• Spinal alignment problems

Diagnosis

• Clinical observation

• 3D foot scan

• Gait analysis

• X-rays for bone and ligament structure

Prevention & Home Care

• Supportive shoes

• Stretching of calf and plantar fascia

• Maintain healthy weight

Management

• Custom-made orthotic insoles to support arches and reduce strain

• Physiotherapy

• Reconstructive surgery (severe cases)

When to Seek Help

• Persistent foot pain over 2 weeks

• Children above 4 years old without arch development

• Walking difficulties