Bunion

Overview
A bunion (hallux valgus) is a deformity where the big toe deviates outward, causing the joint at its base to protrude.
This can lead to shoe friction, pain, and changes in walking posture.

Causes

• Wearing narrow or high-heeled shoes

• Flat feet

• Genetics

• Age-related joint changes

Risk Factors

• Women (due to footwear choices)

• Family history

• Flat footedness

Symptoms

• Visible joint protrusion

• Pain when walking or wearing shoes

• Redness or swelling around the big toe joint

Complications

• Arthritis in the big toe joint

• Chronic pain during walking

• Abnormal gait and posture issues

Diagnosis

• Physical examination

• X-rays to check joint structure

• Gait analysis to observe walking pattern

Prevention & Home Care

• Avoid narrow or tight shoes

• Choose wide-toe, comfortable footwear

• Gentle foot and toe exercises

Management

• Custom orthotic insoles to reduce joint pressure

• Bunion pads to reduce friction

• Surgery in severe or painful cases

When to Seek Help

• Persistent joint pain that does not improve

• Walking becomes difficult

• The deformity is worsening over time